Sequence workbench · runs in your browser
Give it a coding strand, a template strand, an mRNA or a protein. Genomics.Study works out the rest and lays them out in register, base under base, so you can see the pairing rather than take it on trust.
Paste a sequence, or load the example, to see the strands pair up.
ACGTU N nonpolar polar acidic basic stop
NCBI translation table 1, written as RNA. Residues are tinted by side-chain property, the same colours used in the duplex above.
The three residues you can type in the workbench, mapped to the one-letter code they become and to their full name. Paste three-letter sequences freely, with or without hyphens, alongside one-letter codes.
| Residue, three-letter | One-letter | Amino acid | Side-chain class |
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Whatever you paste is first converted to the coding strand read 5′→3′. A template strand is reverse-complemented, an mRNA has its uracils swapped for thymines, a protein is back-translated. Every result below is derived from that single strand, so the four input modes always agree with one another.
Nucleic acids are directional. Tell Genomics.Study which end you typed first with the Written control — a template strand copied straight out of a textbook figure usually runs 3′→5′. Flip ends reinterprets what you already pasted; Reverse-complement input rewrites it.
All fifteen IUPAC codes are accepted and complemented properly (R↔Y, K↔M, B↔V, D↔H, S, W and N pair with themselves). A codon containing an ambiguity code is translated only when every base it could stand for gives the same residue; otherwise it becomes X.
The protein can be pasted as one-letter (METALA) or three-letter (Met-Ala) codes, in any order. Then the genetic code is degenerate, so a protein does not determine a unique gene. Human and E. coli modes pick the most frequent codon for each residue. Degenerate mode emits one IUPAC codon per residue; for Leu, Arg, Ser and stop no exact code exists, so those are supersets that also cover a neighbouring residue.
Toggle Show tRNA anticodons on the duplex to see the adaptor layer between the mRNA and the protein. The row keeps the mRNA’s 5′→3′ order left to right, but the strand it comes from runs the other way: each anticodon box is written 3′→5′, so its 3′-most base sits over the codon’s 5′-most base and its 5′ end (the wobble base) pairs the codon’s 3′ end. Read together the two triplets are each other’s antiparallel complements. One tRNA per codon is shown: with wobble pairing, one tRNA can in principle read several synonymous codons, but an anticodon always pairs a codon this way.
Melting temperature uses the Wallace rule below 14 nt and the GC formula above it — a starting point for primer design, not a substitute for nearest-neighbour thermodynamics. Masses are average isotopic; the isoelectric point is computed from EMBOSS pK values and ignores post-translational modification.
There is no server component. The page loads once and every calculation runs in JavaScript on your own machine, so unpublished sequences stay with you. It keeps working offline.